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Plain-language glossary

IEP

Individualized Education Program. A written plan for a student who receives special education, listing their goals, services, and supports.

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The federal law that guarantees special education services to eligible students.

PLAAFP

Present Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance. The part of the IEP that describes how the student is doing right now — the starting point for every goal.

FAPE

Free Appropriate Public Education. Every eligible student has the right to an education designed to meet their needs, at no cost to the family.

LRE

Least Restrictive Environment. Students should learn alongside peers without disabilities as much as is appropriate for them.

Accommodation

A change in how a student learns or shows what they know — like extra time or audio text — without changing what they're expected to learn.

Modification

A change in what a student is expected to learn or demonstrate, such as fewer or simplified learning targets.

Transition plan

Part of the IEP (by age 16, earlier in some states) that sets goals and services for life after high school — education, work, and independent living.